Mai Nguyet Thu Hong
Pasteur
Every year, 1.5
million of BCG vaccine doses have been vaccinated to newborns of the
1,171 newborns in
Tu Du Maternal hospital have been vaccinated with 0.05mg (0.134.106 ± 0,017 colony forming units) of BCG vaccine
at the center of left deltoid muscle. After three months, we observe:
This is an
induration of more than 6 mm of diameter at the tested tuberculin point. The
density of the skin surface induration is harder than that of the others skin
surfaces. The border of induration can clear or dull belong
to the strong or weak response. The response has been classified in 4 types:
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First type is
a strong response with a clear border and the hard density of induration.
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Fourth type is
a weak response with a diffuse border and the soft density of induration.
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Second and
third type:are the intermediate types of the first and
the fourth types.
2.1. Local reaction:
Observe and measure
the local reaction after three months of BCG vaccination and devide it in four
types:
-
Scar: is a mark
remaining after the healing of local reaction.
-
Crust is an
outer layer of solid matter formed by the drying of a bodily exudate in the
injection site
-
Abscess is a
localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the distegration of tissues
in the injection site
-
Ulcer is a loss
of substance on a cutaneous surface in the injection site
The abscess and ulcer will have been observed until six
months after BCG vaccination.
-
Adenitis
suppurative: is an inflammation, painless and fistula of a gland related to the
injection site such as the cervical or axillary gland.
-
Adenitis non
suppurative: is an inflammation, painless of a gland related to the injection
site such as the cervical or axillary gland. The dimension of adenitis non
suppurative is smaller than that of adenitis non suppurative.
-
The others
reactions such as fever, keloid, otitis....
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94,11% (1,148/1,172) of newborns give the positive delayed
type hypersensitivity response. The response is not strong, 32,71% (383/1,171)
of first type, 29,89% (350/1,171) of second type, 24,42% (286/1,171) of third
type and 7,09% (83/1,171)of fourth type of Palmer classification The dimension
of delayed type hypersensitivity response is 11,02 ± 2,56 mm.
-
83,69%
(980/1,171) of first type (scar) of local reaction after three months of
vaccination, 8,80% (103/1,171) of second type, 5,81% (68/1,171) of third type
and 1,71% (20/1,171) of fourth type. 100% of newborns have the beautiful scars
after six months. The dimension local reaction is 5,29 ± 0,6 mm
-
0,34% of adenitis suppurative, 0,34% of adenitis non
suppurative, 0,09% of keloids.
-
The others
reactions have not been detected.
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According to
many reports, delayed type hypersensitivity response generally occurs (80%). In
comparing to the OMS norm that is more than 50% of positive delayed type
hypersensitivity response for an effective BCG vaccine, the BCG vaccine
produced in Pasteur Institute of HCM city induces obvious delayed type
hypersensitivity response. The strong or weak responses have not been detected.
Only 32,71% of first type and 7,09% of fourth type of
Palmer classification. The dimension of delayed type hypersensitivity response
is 11,02 ± 2,56 mm..
-
The local
reaction is not strong, 83,90% is the scars after 3
months and 100% after 6 months of BCG vaccination. The dimension of local
reaction is 5,29± 0,6 mm. This dimension is accepted within the OMS
norm that is from 5 to 8 mm.
-
The rate
adenitis suppurative is 0,34%, that is lower than the
others studies and OMS norm that is below 2%. 0,34% of
adenitis non suppurative is accepted within in norm that is below 4%. Keloid is
rare-0.09%. These results have shown that the complications rate is below the
OMS permissible limit.
These reaction have demonstrated that the BCG vaccine produced in
Pasteur Institute of HCM City has the expected activity.